Cumbria

Cumbria

A-Z	Settlements in Cumbria
A	Abbeytown Ackenthwaite Aglionby Aikton Ainstable Aldingham Allithwaite Allonby Alston Ambleside Annaside Anthorn Appleby-in-Westmorland Applethwaite Arkleby Arlecdon Armathwaite Arnside Arrad Foot Arthuret Asby (Copeland) Askham (Eden) Askam-in-Furness Aspatria Ayside
B	Backbarrow Bailey Baldwinholme Bampton Bampton Grange Barbon Bardsea Barrow-in-Furness Bassenthwaite Beaumont Beck Foot Beckfoot Beetham Bewcastle Biggar Village (Walney Island) Biglands Bigrigg Birkby (Maryport) Birkby (Muncaster) Birkrigg (Keswick) Birkrigg (Ulverston) Blackpool Gate Blennerhasset Blawith Bleatarn Blencogo Blindcrake Bolton Boltongate Boltonfellend Boot, Eskdale Bootle Bortree Stile Botcherby Botchergate Bothel Boustead Hill Bowness-on-Solway Bowness-on-Windermere Bowscale Brackenhill Brackenthwaite, Cockermouth Brackenthwaite, Wigton Braithwaite Branthwaite, Dean Branthwaite, Caldbeck Brampton, Carlisle Brampton, Eden Brathay Brayton Bretherdale Bridekirk Brigham Brigsteer Brisco Bromfield Brough Brough Sowerby Brougham Broughton Moor Broughton-in-Furness Brow Edge (Backbarrow) Burgh By Sands Brunstock Burneside Burrells Burton-in-Kendal Buttermere
C	Caldbeck Calder Abbey Calderbridge Calthwaite Camerton Cargo Carleton (Carlistle) Carleton (Copeland) Carleton (Penrith) Carlisle Cartmel Cartmel Fell Carwath Casterton Castle Carrock Castlerigg Clappersgate Clawthorpe Cleator Cleator Moor Cliburn Clifton Cockermouth Colby Coledale Colton Coniston Corney Cowgill Crackenthorpe Croft Croglin Crook Crook of Lune Crookdake Crosby Crosby Garrett Crosby Ravensworth Crosby-on-Eden Croscanonby Crosthwaite Culgaith Cumdivock Cummersdale Cumrew Cumwhinton Cumwhitton
D	Dacre Dalston Dalton (South Lakeland) Dalton-in-Furness Dean (Allerdale) Deanscales Dearham Dent (South Lakeland) Dendron Dillicar Distington Dockray (Allerdale) Dockray (Eden) Dovenby Drigg Drumburgh Drybeck Dufton Dundraw
E	Eamont Bridge Eaglesfield Edenhall Egremont Ellenborough Elterwater Embleton Endmoor Etterby Ewanrigg
F	Far Arnside Far Sawrey Farlam Farleton Faugh Fenton Fingland Finsthwaite Firbank Flatt Fletchertown Flimby Flitholme Flookburgh Frizington
G	Garrigill Garnett Bridge Gamblesby (Penrith) Gamelsby Garsdale Gilcrux Glassonby Gleaston Goat Gosforth Grasmere Grayrigg Graythwaite Great Blencow Great Broughton Great Clifton Great Corby Great Crosthwaite Great Easby Great Langdale Great Musgrave Great Orton Great Salkeld Great Strickland Great Urswick Greenodd Greysouthen Greystoke Greystoke Gill Grinsdle Grizedale Gullom Holme
H	Hackthorpe Hale Hall Waberthwaite Hallthwaites Harker Marsh Harrington Hartley Hartsop Haverbrack Haverigg Haverthwaite Hawkshead Hayton (Allerdale) Hayton (Carlisle)Helton Hesket Newmarket Hethersgill Heversham High Biggins High Casterton High Crosby High Hesket Houghton Howtown Hutton Hutton John Hutton Roof (Penrith) Hutton Roof (South Lakeland)
I	Ings Ireby Ireleth Irthington Isel
K	Kaber Keisley Kelsick Kelton Kendal Kentmere Keswick Killington Kingmoor Kings Meaburn Kirkandrews on Eden Kirkandrews on Esk Kirkbampton Kirkby Lonsdale Kirkby Stephen Kirkcambeck Kirkland (Allerdale) Kirkland (Culgaith) Kirkland (Kendal) Kirklinton Kirkoswald Kirksanton Knowe Knock
L	Lamonby Lanercost Langrigg (Brough) Langrigg (Wigton) Langton Langwathby Laversdale Lazonby Levens Lindale Linstock Little Bampton Little Blencow Little Clifton Little Corby Little Langdale Little Salkeld Little Strickland Little Urswick Long Marton Longburgh Longsleddale Longtown Lowca Lowgill Low Biggins Low Bridge Low Cosby Low Moresby Low Wood Loweswater Lowther
M	Maryport Maulds Meaburn Mealsgate Melkinthorpe Melmerby Middleton Midgeholme Milburn Milburn Grange Millom Milnthorpe Mislet Moat Mockerkin Monkhill Moorthwaite (Carlisle) Moorthwaite (Wigton) Moresby Moresby Parks Mosedale Motherby Muncaster Mungrisdale
N	Narthwaite Nateby Near Sawrey Nenthead Nether Wasdale Newbiggin (Ainstable, Eden) Newbiggin (Dacre, Eden) Newbiggin (Furness, South Lakeland) Newbiggin (Hutton Roof, South Lakeland) Newbiggin (Kirkby Thore, Eden) Newbiggin (Waberthwaite, Copeland) Newbiggin-on-Lune (Eden) Newby (Eden) Newby Bridge Newby Cross Newby East Newby West Newton Arlosh Newton-in-Furness Newton Reigny Newtown (Irthington) North Scales North Stainmore
O	Orthwaite Orton, Eden Orton Grange, Carlisle Osmotherley Oughterby Oughterside Ousby Outhgill Oxen Park Oxenholme
P	Pardshaw Parton (Allerdale) Parton (Copeland) Papcastle Parsonby Patterdale Pelutho Pennington Penrith Penruddock Piel Island Plumbland Plumpton Plumpton Head Ponsonby Pooley Bridge Portinscale Preston Patrick Prospect
Q	Quality Corner
R	Raisbeck Rampside Raughton Head Ravenglass Ravenstonedale Redmain Rickerby Roa Island Roadhead Rockcliffe Rockcliffe Cross Rookby Rosley Rottington Rowrah Ruckcroft Ruleholme Rusland Rusland Cross Rydal
S	Sadgill Sandford Sandwidth Scaleby Scotby Seathwaite Allerdale Seathwaite, South Lakeland Sebergham Sedbergh Sedgwick Selside Shap Silloth Silverband Sizergh Skelwith Bridge Skelton Skinburness Skirwith Sleagill Smardale Sockbridge Soulby (Penrith) Soulby (Kirkby Stephen) South Stainmore Sparket Mill St Bees Staffield Stainburn Stainmore Stainton, Carlisle Stainton, Kendal Stainton, Penrith Stainton with Adgarley Stavelely-in-Cartmel Staveley-in-Westmorland Sunderland Swinside
T	Tallentire Talkin Tarraby Temple Sowerby Thackthwaite Thornhill Thornthwaite Threapland Thrimby Thursby Thwaites Tirril Torpenhow Torver Troutbeck (Windermere)
U	Uldale Ullermire Ullock Ulpha Ulverston Underbarrow Upperby Unthank
V	Vickerstown (Barrow)
W	Waitby Walby Walney Island Walton Wampool Warcop Warwick Bridge Warwick-on-Eden Wasdale Head Watermillock Waverton Wetheral Wigton Wiggonby Whelpo Whitbeck Whicham Whitehaven Wilton Windermere Winster Winton Witherslack Workington Wreay Wythburn
Y	Yanwath

Cumbria is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local government, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's county town is Carlisle, in the north of the county, and the only other major urban area is Barrow-in-Furness on the southwestern tip of the county.

The county of Cumbria consists of six districts (Allerdale, Barrow-in-Furness, Carlisle, Copeland, Eden and South Lakeland), and in 2008 had a population of just under half a million. Cumbria is one of the most sparsely populated counties in the United Kingdom, with 73.4 people per km2 (190/sq mi).

Cumbria is the third largest county in England by area, and is bounded to the north by the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders, to the west by the Irish Sea, to the south by Lancashire, to the southeast by North Yorkshire, and to the east by County Durham and Northumberland.

Cumbria is predominantly rural and contains the Lake District National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site considered one of England's finest areas of natural beauty, serving as inspiration for artists, writers, and musicians. A large area of the southeast of the county is within the Yorkshire Dales National Park while the east of the county fringes the North Pennines AONB. Much of Cumbria is mountainous, and it contains every peak in England over above sea level, with Scafell Pike at being the highest point of England. An upland, coastal, and rural area, Cumbria's history is characterised by invasions, migration, and settlement, as well as battles and skirmishes between the English and the Scots. Notable historic sites in Cumbria include Carlisle Castle, Furness Abbey, Hardknott Roman Fort, Brough Castle and Hadrian's Wall (also a World Heritage Site).

History

The county of Cumbria was created in April 1974 through an amalgamation of the administrative counties of Cumberland and Westmorland, to which parts of Lancashire (the area known as Lancashire North of the Sands) and the West Riding of Yorkshire were added.

During the Neolithic period the area contained an important centre of stone axe production (the so called 'Langdale Axe Factory'), products of which have been found across Great Britain. During this period stone circles and henges began to be built across the county and today 'Cumbria has one of the largest number of preserved field monuments in England'.

While not part of the region conquered in the Romans' initial conquest of Britain in 43 AD, most of modern-day Cumbria was later conquered in response to a revolt deposing the Roman-aligned ruler of the Brigantes in 69 AD. The Romans built a number of fortifications in the area during their occupation, the most famous being UNESCO World Heritage Site Hadrian's Wall which passes through northern Cumbria.

At the end of the period of British history known as Roman Britain () the inhabitants of Cumbria were Cumbric-speaking native Romano-Britons who were probably descendants of the Brigantes and Carvetii (sometimes considered to be a sub-tribe of the Brigantes) that the Roman Empire had conquered in about AD 85. Based on inscriptional evidence from the area, the Roman la of the Carvetii seems to have covered portions of Cumbria. The names Cumbria, cy (the native Welsh name for Wales), Cambria, and Cumberland are derived from the name these people gave themselves, *kombroges in Common Brittonic, which originally meant "compatriots".

Although Cumbria was previously believed to have formed the core of the Early Middle Ages Brittonic kingdom of Rheged, more recent discoveries near Galloway appear to contradict this. For the rest of the first millennium, Cumbria was contested by several entities who warred over the area, including the Brythonic Celtic Kingdom of Strathclyde and the Anglian kingdom of Northumbria. Most of modern-day Cumbria was a principality in the Kingdom of Scotland at the time of the Norman conquest of England in 1066 and thus was excluded from the Domesday Book survey of 1086. In 1092 the region was invaded by William II and incorporated into England. Nevertheless, the region was dominated by the many Anglo-Scottish Wars of the latter Middle Ages and early modern period and the associated Border Reivers who exploited the dynamic political situation of the region. There were at least three sieges of Carlisle fought between England and Scotland, and two further sieges during the Jacobite risings.

After the Jacobite Risings of the eighteenth century, Cumbria became a more stable place and, as in the rest of Northern England, the Industrial Revolution caused a large growth in urban populations. In particular, the west-coast towns of Workington, Millom and Barrow-in-Furness saw large iron and steel mills develop, with Barrow also developing a significant shipbuilding industry. Kendal, Keswick and Carlisle all became mill town, with textiles, pencils and biscuits among the products manufactured in the region. The early nineteenth century saw the county gain fame as the Lake Poets and other artists of the Romantic movement, such as William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, lived among, and were inspired by, the lakes and mountains of the region. Later, the children's writer Beatrix Potter also wrote in the region and became a major landowner, granting much of her property to the National Trust on her death. In turn, the large amount of land owned by the National Trust assisted in the formation of the Lake District National Park in 1951, which remains the largest National Park in England and has come to dominate the identity and economy of the county.

The county of Cumbria was created in 1974 from the traditional counties of Cumberland and Westmorland, the Cumberland County Borough of Carlisle, along with the North Lonsdale or Furness part of Lancashire, usually referred to as "Lancashire North of the Sands", (including the county borough of Barrow-in-Furness) and, from the West Riding of Yorkshire, the Sedbergh Rural District. It is governed by Cumbria County Council.

Local papers The Westmorland Gazette and Cumberland and Westmorland Herald continue to use the name of their historic county. Other publications, such as local government promotional material, describe the area as "Cumbria", as do the Lake District National Park Authority and most visitors.

Geography

Cumbria is the most northwesterly county of England. The northernmost and southernmost points in Cumbria are just west of Deadwater, Northumberland and South Walney respectively. Kirkby Stephen (close to Tan Hill, North Yorkshire) and St Bees Head are the most easterly and westerly points of the county. Most of Cumbria is mountainous, with the majority of the county being situated in the Lake District while the Pennines, consisting of the Yorkshire Dales and the North Pennines, lie at the eastern and south-east areas of the county. At Scafell Pike is the highest point in Cumbria and in England. Windermere is the largest natural lake in England.

The Lancaster Canal runs from Preston into South Cumbria and is partly in use. The Ulverston Canal which once reached to Morecambe Bay is maintained although it was closed in 1945. The Solway Coast and Arnside and Silverdale AONB's lie in the lowland areas of the county, to the north and south respectively.

Boundaries and divisions

Cumbria is bordered by the English counties of Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders.

The boundaries are along the Irish Sea to Morecambe Bay in the west, and along the Pennines to the east. Cumbria's northern boundary stretches from the Solway Firth from the Solway Plain eastward along the border with Scotland to Northumberland.

It is made up of six districts: Allerdale, Barrow-in-Furness, Carlisle, Copeland, Eden and South Lakeland. For many administrative purposes Cumbria is divided into three areas — East, West and South. East consists of the districts of Carlisle and Eden, West consists of Allerdale and Copeland, and South consists of Lakeland and Barrow.

In January 2007, Cumbria County Council voted in favour of an official bid to scrap the current two-tier system of county and district councils in favour of a new unitary Cumbria Council, to be submitted for consideration to the Department for Communities and Local Government. This was then rejected.

The county returns six Members of Parliament to the House of Commons, representing the constituencies of Carlisle, Penrith & The Border, Workington, Copeland, Westmorland and Lonsdale and Barrow & Furness.

Economy

Many large companies and organisations are based in Cumbria. The county council itself employs around 17,000 individuals, while the largest private employer in Cumbria, the Sellafield nuclear processing site, has a workforce of 10,000. Below is a list of some of the county's largest companies and employers (excluding services such as Cumbria Constabulary, Cumbria Fire and Rescue and the NHS in Cumbria)....

Tourism

The largest and most widespread industry in Cumbria is tourism. The Lake District National Park alone receives some 15.8 million visitors every year. Despite this, fewer than 50,000 people reside permanently within the Lake District – mostly in Ambleside, Bowness-on-Windermere, Coniston, Keswick, Grasmere and Windermere. Over 36,000 Cumbrians are employed in the tourism industry which adds £1.1 billion a year to the county's economy. The Lake District and county as a whole attracts visitors from across the UK, Europe, North America and the Far East (particularly Japan). The tables below show the twenty most-visited attractions in Cumbria in 2009 (please note that not all visitor attractions provided data to Cumbria Tourism who collated the list. Notable examples are Furness Abbey, the Lakes Aquarium and South Lakes Safari Zoo, the latter of which would almost certainly rank within the top five).

Rank	Attraction	Location	Visitors
1	Windermere Lake Cruises	Bowness-on-Windermere	1,313,807
2	Rheged	Penrith	439,568
3	Ullswater Steamers	Glenridding	348,000
4	Whinlatter Forest Park and Visitor Centre	Whinlatter	252,762
5	Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery	Carlisle	251,808
6	Grizedale Forest Park and Visitor Centre	Grizedale	175,033
7	Carlisle Cathedral	Carlisle	166,141
8	Brockhole Lake District Visitor Centre	Windermere	135,539
9	Hill Top	Hawkshead	103,682
10	Sizergh Castle	Sizergh Castle	90,063
11	Cumberland Pencil Museum	Keswick	80,100
12	Muncaster Castle	Ravenglass	78,474
13	Dock Museum	Barrow-in-Furness	73,239
14	The Beacon	Whitehaven	71,602
15	Holker Hall	Cartmel	58,060
16	Carlisle Castle	Carlisle	56,957
17	Beatrix Potter Gallery	Hawkshead	47,244
18	Lake District Wildlife Park	Bassenthwaite	45,559
19	The Homes of Football	Ambleside	49,661
20	Cartmel Priory	Cartmel	43,672

Economic output

This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added (GVA) of East Cumbria at current basic prices published (pp. 240–253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.

This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of West Cumbria at current basic prices published (pp. 240–253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.

Education

Although Cumbria has a comprehensive system almost in toto, it has one state grammar school in Penrith. There are 42 state secondary schools and 10 independent schools. The more rural secondary schools tend to have sixth forms (although in Barrow-in-Furness district, no schools have sixth forms) and this is the same for three schools in Allerdale and South Lakeland, and one in the other districts. Chetwynde is also the only school in Barrow to educate children from nursery all the way to sixth form level.

Colleges of further education in Cumbria include:-

Carlisle College
Furness College which includes Barrow Sixth Form College
Kendal College
Lakes College West Cumbria

The University of Cumbria is one of the UK's newest universities having been established in 2007, it is at present the only university in Cumbria and has campuses across the county, together with Lancaster and London.

Transport

The M6 is the only motorway that runs through Cumbria. Kendal and Penrith are amongst its primary destinations before it becomes the A74(M) just north of Carlisle. Major A roads within Cumbria include:

A6 (Luton, Bedfordshire to Carlisle via Kendal and Penrith)
A66 (Workington to Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire via Keswick, Penrith and Brough)
A69 (Carlisle to Newcastle upon Tyne via Brampton and Hexham)
A590 (M6 Junction 36 to Barrow-in-Furness via Ulverston)
A591 (Sizergh to Bothel via Kendal, Windermere, Ambleside, Grasmere and Keswick)
A592 (M6 Junction 40 to Newby Bridge via Penrith, Windermere and Bowness-on-Windermere)
A595 (Carlisle to Dalton-in-Furness via Whitehaven and Workington)
A596 (Carlisle to Workington)

Several bus companies run services in Cumbria serving the main towns and villages in the county, with some services running to neighbouring areas such as Lancaster. Stagecoach North West is the largest; it has depots in Barrow-in-Furness, Carlisle, Kendal and Workington. Stagecoach's flagship X6 route connects Barrow-in-Furness and Kendal in south Cumbria.

There are only two airports in the county: Carlisle Lake District and Barrow/Walney Island. Both airports formerly served scheduled passenger flights and both are proposing expansions and renovations to handle domestic and European flights in the near future. The nearest international airports to south Cumbria are Blackpool, Manchester and Liverpool John Lennon. North Cumbria is closer to Newcastle, Glasgow Prestwick and Glasgow International. Barrow-in-Furness is one of the country's largest shipbuilding centres, but the Port of Barrow is only minor, operated by Associated British Ports alongside the Port of Silloth in Allerdale. There are no ferry links from any port or harbour along the Cumbria coast.

The busiest railway stations in Cumbria are Carlisle, Barrow-in-Furness, Penrith and Oxenholme Lake District. The West Coast Main Line runs for through the Cumbria countryside adjacent to the M6 motorway. The Cumbrian Coast Line connects Barrow-in-Furness to Carlisle and is a vital link in the west of the county. Other railways in Cumbria are the Windermere Branch Line, most of the Furness Line and much of the Settle-Carlisle Railway.

Demography

Cumbria's largest settlement and only city is Carlisle, in the north of the county. The largest town, Barrow-in-Furness, in the south, is slightly smaller. The county's population is largely rural: it has the second-lowest population density among English counties, and has only five towns with a population of over 20,000. Cumbria is also one of the country's most ethnically homogeneous counties, with 95.1% of the population categorised as White British (around 470,900 of the 495,000 Cumbrians). However, the larger towns have ethnic makeups that are closer to the national average. The 2001 census indicated that Christianity was the religion with the most adherents in the county.

2010 ONS estimates placed the number of foreign-born (non-United Kingdom) people living in Cumbria at around 14,000 and foreign nationals at 6,000. The 2001 UK Census showed the following most common countries of birth for Cumbrians that year:

Settlements

The table below has divided the settlements into their local authority district. Each district has a centre of administration; for some of these correlate with a district's largest town, while others are named after the geographical area.

Administration borough/district	Centre of administration	Other towns, villages and settlements
Allerdale	Workington	Aspatria Cockermouth Harrington Keswick Maryport Silloth Wigton
Barrow-in-Furness	Barrow-in-Furness	Askam and Ireleth Dalton-in-Furness Walney Island
Carlisle	Carlisle	Brampton Dalston Longtown
Copeland	Whitehaven	Arlecdon and Frizington Cleator Moor Egremont Millom St Bees
Eden	Penrith	Alston Appleby-in-Westmorland Kirkby Stephen Shap Kirkoswald
South Lakeland	Kendal	Ambleside Bowness-on-Windermere Coniston Grasmere Hawkshead Kirkby Lonsdale Milnthorpe Sedbergh Ulverston Windermere

Town and city twinnings

Symbols and county emblems

The arms of Cumbria County Council were granted by the College of Arms on 10 October 1974. The arms represent the areas from which the new county council's area was put together; the shield's green border has Parnassus flowers representing Cumberland interspersed with roses; red for Lancashire (the Furness district) on white for Yorkshire (Sedbergh is from the West Riding). The crest is a ram's head crest, found in the arms both of Westmorland County Council and Barrow County Borough, with Cumberland's Parnassus flowers again. The supporters are the legendary Dacre Bull (Cumberland) and a red dragon, redolent of Cumbria's Brittonic origin.(Appleby in Westmorland). They stand on a base compartment representing Hadrian's Wall (in Cumberland), crossed with two red bars (from the Westmorland arms).

The county council motto "Ad Montes Oculos Levavi" is Latin, from Psalm 121; ("I shall lift up mine eyes unto the hills").

The county flag of Cumbria is a banner of arms of Cumbria County Council.

Sport

Craven Park, Barrow.jpg|thumb|right|Craven Park, home of Barrow Raiders

Running

Fell running is a popular sport in Cumbria, with an active calendar of competitions taking place throughout the year.

Football

Carlisle United are the only professional football team in Cumbria and currently play in League Two (4th Tier in the English football pyramid). They attract support from across Cumbria and beyond, with many Cumbrian "ex-pats" travelling to see their games, both home and away.

Barrow and Workington A.F.C.—who are always known locally as "the reds"—are well-supported non-league teams, having both been relegated from the Football League in the 1970s, with Barrow being one of the best supported non-league football teams in England. Recently Workington A.F.C. have made a rapid rise up the non league ladder and in 2007/08 competed with Barrow in the Conference North (Tier 6). Barrow were then promoted to the Blue Square Premier (Tier 5) in 2007/08.

Rugby league

Rugby league is a very popular sport in South and West Cumbria. Barrow, Whitehaven and Workington play in the Rugby League National Leagues and Carlisle in the Rugby League Conference. Amateur teams; Wath Brow Hornets, Askam, Egremont Rangers, Kells, and Millom play in the National Conference.

Rugby union

Rugby union is popular in the east of the county with teams such as Furness RUFC & Hawcoat Park RUFC (South Cumbria), Workington RUFC (Workington Zebras), Carlisle RUFC, Aspatria RUFC, Wigton RUFC, Kendal RUFC, Kirkby Lonsdale RUFC, Keswick RUFC, Cockermouth RUFC, Upper Eden RUFC and Penrith RUFC.

Cricket

Cumberland County Cricket Club is one of the cricket clubs that constitute the Minor Counties in the English domestic cricket structure. The club, based in Carlisle, competes in the Minor Counties Championship and the MCCA Knockout Trophy. The club also play some home matches in Workington, as well as other locations.

Cumbrian club cricket teams play in the North Lancashire and Cumbria League.

Speedway

Workington Comets are a Workington based professional speedway team, which competes in the British Speedway Championship.

Other

Uppies and Downies

Workington is home to the ball game known as Uppies and Downies, a traditional version of football, with its origins in Medieval football or an even earlier form. Players from outside Workington do take part, especially fellow West Cumbrians from Whitehaven and Maryport.

Wrestling

Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling is an ancient and well-practised tradition in the county with a strong resemblance to Scottish Backhold.

In the 21st century Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling along with other aspects of Lakeland culture are practised at the Grasmere Sports and Show, an annual meeting held every year since 1852 on the August Bank Holiday.

The origin of this form of wrestling is a matter of debate, with some describing it as having evolved from Norse wrestling brought over by Viking invaders, while other historians associate it with the Cornish and Gouren styles indicating that it may have developed out of a longer-standing Celtic tradition.

American football

Cumbria is home to the Walney Terriers and the Carlisle Border Reivers, which are rival amateur American football teams, despite a relatively low level of interest in the sport throughout the county.

Karting

Cumbria Kart Racing Club is based at the Lakeland Circuit, Rowrah, between Cockermouth and Egremont [https://web.archive.org/web/20120421201446/http://www.cumbriakrc.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=43&Itemid=48]. The track is currently a venue for rounds of both major UK national karting championships [https://web.archive.org/web/20120421212608/http://www.cumbriakrc.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=19]. Formula One world champions Lewis Hamilton and Jenson Button both raced karts at Rowrah many times in the formative stages of their motor sport careers [https://web.archive.org/web/20120421212608/http://www.cumbriakrc.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=19], while other F1 drivers, past and present, to have competed there include Johnny Herbert, Anthony Davidson, Allan McNish, Ralph Firman, Paul di Resta and David Coulthard, who hailed from just over the nearby Anglo-Scottish border and regarded Rowrah as his home circuit, becoming Cumbria Kart Racing Club Champion in 1985 in succession to McNish (di Resta also taking the CKRC title subsequently) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120111011816/http://www.egremont-today.com/812rowrah.htm].

Media

Two evening newspapers are published daily in Cumbria. The News and Star focuses largely on Carlisle and the surrounding areas of north and west Cumbria, and the North-West Evening Mail is based in Barrow-in-Furness and covers news from across Furness and the South Lakes. The Cumberland and Westmorland Herald and The Westmorland Gazette are weekly newspapers based in Penrith and Kendal respectively.

Due to the size of Cumbria the county spans two television zones: BBC North East and Cumbria and ITV Tyne Tees & Border in the north and BBC North West and ITV Granada in the south. Heart North Lancashire and Cumbria, CFM Radio and Smooth Lake District are the most popular local radio stations throughout the county, with BBC Radio Cumbria being the only station that is aimed at Cumbria as a whole.

The Australian-New Zealand feature film The Navigator: A Medieval Odyssey (1988) is set in Cumbria during the onset of the Black Death in 14th-century Europe.

Cumbria is host to a number of festivals, including Kendal Calling (actually held in Penrith since 2009) and Kendal Mountain Festival.

Places of interest

Abbot Hall Art Gallery Museum
Appleby Castle Castle
Appleby Horse Fair (Gypsy fair)
Armitt Museum and Library, Ambleside
Bassenthwaite Lake
Bewcastle
Black Combe
Blackwell Historic House
Brantwood Historic House
Brough Castle
Brougham Castle
Brougham Hall
Broughton in Furness
Brougham Castle
Buttermere
Cartmel Priory
Carlisle Castle
Carlisle Cathedral Cathedral
Castlerigg Stone Circle
Church of St Olaf, Wasdale
Wainwright's Coast to Coast Walk
Cockermouth, "Gem" Town
Coniston Water
Crummock Water
Cumbria Coastal Way long distance footpath
Cumbria Way long distance footpath
Dales Way long distance footpath
Dalton Castle
Derwent Water
Dock Museum Museum
Dove Cottage
Egremont Castle
Eden Valley Railway
Ennerdale Water
Eskdale
Fell Foot Park County Park
Firbank Fell
Fisher Tarn Reservoir
Furness
Furness Abbey Abbey
Grange-Over-Sands
Haig Colliery Mining Museum Museum
Harrison Stickle
Hadrian's Wall
Hartley Castle
Haweswater
Hawkshead Grammar School Museum
Hill Top
Hoad Monument
Hodbarrow Nature Reserve
Holker Hall
Kendal Castle
Kentmere
Killington Reservoir
Kirkby Lonsdale
Lakeside & Haverthwaite Railway
Langwathby railway station
Windermere
Lakeland Wildlife Oasis
Lanercost Priory Priory
Laurel & Hardy Museum
Levens Hall Historic House
Millom
Millom Folk Museum Museum
Muncaster Castle
Museum of Lakeland Life Museum
National Nature Reserves in Cumbria
Pennine Way long distance footpath
Penrith Castle Castle EH icon.svg
Piel Island Castle EH icon.svg
Quaker tapestry
RAF Millom Museum Museum
Ravenglass & Eskdale Railway – heritage railway
Rey Cross
Rheged
Rydal Water
Sea to Sea Cycle Route
Seathwaite Tarn
Sellafield Nuclear Reprocessing Facility
Silecroft
Silloth on Solway
Sizergh Castle & Garden
Skelton Transmitting Station (U.Ks. tallest structure)
South Lakes Safari Zoo Zoo icon.jpg
St Bees
St Bees Priory Priory
St Bees Head
Staveley
Stott Park Bobbin Mill
Swarthmoor Hall
Thirlmere
Ullswater
Ulverston
Vickerstown
Wasdale Head
Wast Water
Whitehaven
Whinfell Forest
Windermere Steamboat Museum

Notable people

Richard Abbot
Abraham Acton
Jack Adams
Aim
Sir John Barrow
Derrick Bird
Bill Birkett
Norman Birkett
Chris Bonington
British Sea Power
Melvyn Bragg
Baron Campbell-Savours
Donald Campbell
Thomas Cape
Fletcher Christian
Lady Anne Clifford
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Glenn Cornick
Mark Cueto
Wayne Curtis
John Dalton
Kyle Dempsey
Thomas DeQuincey
Steve Dixon
Brian Donnelly
Troy Donockley
Francis Dunnery
Margaret Fell
Sheila Fell
Anna Ford
Douglas Ferreira
Kathleen Ferrier
George MacDonald Fraser
Norman Gifford
Edmund Grindal
Ade Gardner
Sarah Hall
Willie Horne
Francis Howgill
Emlyn Hughes
Thomas Henry Ismay
Maurice Flitcroft
Harry Hadley
Dick Huddart
Brad Kavanagh
Nigel Kneale
Phil Jackson
Stuart Lancaster
Nella Last
Stan Laurel
Jimmy Lewthwaite
Hugh Lowther, 5th Earl of Lonsdale
Ian McDonald
Frank McPherson
Christine McVie
Vic Metcalfe
Glenn Murray
Dave Myers
Joss Naylor
Norman Nicholson
Saint Ninian
Catherine Parr
Baron Peart
John Peel
Jack Pelter
Beatrix Potter
Peter Purves
Sir James Ramsden
Dame Stella Rimington
Eric Robson
George Romney
Jon Roper
Sol Roper
Thomas Round
Adam Roynon
John Ruskin
Helen Skelton
Montagu Slater
Richard T. Slone
James Alexander Smith
Robert Southey
Lord Soulsby
Constance Spry
Gary Stevens
Stuart Stockdale
Karen Taylor
Edward Troughton
Keith Tyson
Josefina de Vasconcellos
Alfred Wainwright
Eric Wallace
William Whitelaw
John Wilkinson
Len Wilkinson
Malcolm Wilson
Christopher Wordsworth
Dorothy Wordsworth
William Wordsworth

Text from Wikipedia, available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (accessed: 02/03/2019).
Visit the page: Cumbria for references and further details. You can contribute to this article on Wikipedia.

11 Resources

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+Comment Timeline (7 events)

Co-Curate Page

Poltross Burn Milecastle, Hadrian's Wall
- Overview About Milecastle 48 Map Street View Poltross Burn, located near Gilsland, is one of the best-preserved milecastles on Hadrian's Wall. It is larger than most other milecastles, housing two ...

Co-Curate Page

Gilsland
- Overview About Gilsland Map Street View Gilsland is a village which straddles the border between the counties of Cumbria and Northumberland. Gilsland is a village in northern England about 20 miles ...

Co-Curate Page

Coast to Coast Cycle Route
- "The Sea to Sea (C2C) cycle route was developed by Sustrans in partnership with various Local Authorities, Groundwork West Cumbria, North Pennines Tourism Partnership, Forest Enterprise and the Lake District ...

Co-Curate Page

Our Memories of Evacuation from Newcastle to Cumbria
- Our names are Pat and Terry and we've been married for fifty years. We both have memories of evacuation during WW2 and we'd like to recount some of them here. ...

from Newcastle libraries (flickr)

050593:Bishop Chadwick Memorial School Stanwix Cumbria Northern Gossip 1906

Pinned by Simon Cotterill

from BFI (youtube)

Climbing Borrowdale Fells, Cumbria (1926)

Pinned by Simon Cotterill

Co-Curate Page

Hadrian's Wall
- Overview About Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall stretches over 73 miles (117 km) coast to coast across Northern England. Construction began in AD 122 during the rule of emperor Hadrian. The ...

from Flickr (flickr)

2ASL/11/55/2

Pinned by Simon Cotterill

from Flickr (flickr)

Image taken from page 34 of 'How to draw and colour a Map: being a guide to the “Beaumont” series of geography and map tracing books ... Illustrated'

Pinned by Simon Cotterill

from Flickr (flickr)

Image taken from page 6 of 'Guide to the Highways of the Lake district of England. With maps and ... illustrations. Edited by J. G'

Pinned by Simon Cotterill

from Flickr (flickr)

"Welcome to England" sign, 2020 Sep 05

Pinned by Simon Cotterill

Co-Curate Page

Poltross Burn Milecastle, Hadrian's Wall
- Overview About Milecastle 48 Map Street View Poltross Burn, located near Gilsland, is one of the best-preserved milecastles on Hadrian's Wall. It is larger than most other milecastles, housing two ...

Co-Curate Page

Gilsland
- Overview About Gilsland Map Street View Gilsland is a village which straddles the border between the counties of Cumbria and Northumberland. Gilsland is a village in northern England about 20 miles ...

Co-Curate Page

Coast to Coast Cycle Route
- "The Sea to Sea (C2C) cycle route was developed by Sustrans in partnership with various Local Authorities, Groundwork West Cumbria, North Pennines Tourism Partnership, Forest Enterprise and the Lake District ...

Co-Curate Page

Our Memories of Evacuation from Newcastle to Cumbria
- Our names are Pat and Terry and we've been married for fifty years. We both have memories of evacuation during WW2 and we'd like to recount some of them here. ...

from Newcastle libraries (flickr)

050593:Bishop Chadwick Memorial School Stanwix Cumbria Northern Gossip 1906

Pinned by Simon Cotterill

from BFI (youtube)

Climbing Borrowdale Fells, Cumbria (1926)

Pinned by Simon Cotterill

Co-Curate Page

Hadrian's Wall
- Overview About Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall stretches over 73 miles (117 km) coast to coast across Northern England. Construction began in AD 122 during the rule of emperor Hadrian. The ...

from Flickr (flickr)

2ASL/11/55/2

Pinned by Simon Cotterill

from Flickr (flickr)

Image taken from page 34 of 'How to draw and colour a Map: being a guide to the “Beaumont” series of geography and map tracing books ... Illustrated'

Pinned by Simon Cotterill

from Flickr (flickr)

Image taken from page 6 of 'Guide to the Highways of the Lake district of England. With maps and ... illustrations. Edited by J. G'

Pinned by Simon Cotterill

from Flickr (flickr)

"Welcome to England" sign, 2020 Sep 05

Pinned by Simon Cotterill

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ABOUT US

Co-Curate is a project which brings together online collections, museums, universities, schools and community groups to make and re-make stories and images from North East England and Cumbria. Co-Curate is a trans-disciplinary project that will open up 'official' museum and 'un-officia'l co-created community-based collections and archives through innovative collaborative approaches using social media and open archives/data.

Cumbria

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Y

History

Geography

Boundaries and divisions

Economy

Tourism

Economic output

Education

Transport

Demography

Settlements

Town and city twinnings

Symbols and county emblems

Sport

Running

Football

Rugby league

Rugby union

Cricket

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Other

Media

Places of interest

Notable people

Poltross Burn Milecastle, Hadrian's Wall - Overview About Milecastle 48 Map Street View Poltross Burn, located near Gilsland, is one of the best-preserved milecastles on Hadrian's Wall. It is larger than most other milecastles, housing two ...

Gilsland - Overview About Gilsland Map Street View Gilsland is a village&nbsp;which straddles the border between the counties of Cumbria and Northumberland. Gilsland is a village in northern England about 20 miles ...

Coast to Coast Cycle Route - "The Sea to Sea (C2C) cycle route was developed by Sustrans in partnership with various Local Authorities, Groundwork West Cumbria, North Pennines Tourism Partnership, Forest Enterprise and the Lake District ...

Our Memories of Evacuation from Newcastle to Cumbria - Our names are Pat and Terry and we've been married for fifty years. We both have memories of evacuation during WW2 and we'd like to recount some of them here. ...

from Newcastle libraries (flickr)

050593:Bishop Chadwick Memorial School Stanwix Cumbria Northern Gossip 1906

from BFI (youtube)

Climbing Borrowdale Fells, Cumbria (1926)

Hadrian's Wall - Overview About Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall stretches over 73 miles (117 km) coast to coast across Northern England. Construction began in AD 122 during the rule of emperor Hadrian. The ...

from Flickr (flickr)

2ASL/11/55/2

from Flickr (flickr)

Image taken from page 34 of 'How to draw and colour a Map: being a guide to the “Beaumont” series of geography and map tracing books ... Illustrated'

from Flickr (flickr)

Image taken from page 6 of 'Guide to the Highways of the Lake district of England. With maps and ... illustrations. Edited by J. G'

from Flickr (flickr)

"Welcome to England" sign, 2020 Sep 05

Poltross Burn Milecastle, Hadrian's Wall - Overview About Milecastle 48 Map Street View Poltross Burn, located near Gilsland, is one of the best-preserved milecastles on Hadrian's Wall. It is larger than most other milecastles, housing two ...

Gilsland - Overview About Gilsland Map Street View Gilsland is a village&nbsp;which straddles the border between the counties of Cumbria and Northumberland. Gilsland is a village in northern England about 20 miles ...

Coast to Coast Cycle Route - "The Sea to Sea (C2C) cycle route was developed by Sustrans in partnership with various Local Authorities, Groundwork West Cumbria, North Pennines Tourism Partnership, Forest Enterprise and the Lake District ...

Our Memories of Evacuation from Newcastle to Cumbria - Our names are Pat and Terry and we've been married for fifty years. We both have memories of evacuation during WW2 and we'd like to recount some of them here. ...

from Newcastle libraries (flickr)

050593:Bishop Chadwick Memorial School Stanwix Cumbria Northern Gossip 1906

from BFI (youtube)

Climbing Borrowdale Fells, Cumbria (1926)

Hadrian's Wall - Overview About Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall stretches over 73 miles (117 km) coast to coast across Northern England. Construction began in AD 122 during the rule of emperor Hadrian. The ...

from Flickr (flickr)

2ASL/11/55/2

from Flickr (flickr)

Image taken from page 34 of 'How to draw and colour a Map: being a guide to the “Beaumont” series of geography and map tracing books ... Illustrated'

from Flickr (flickr)

Image taken from page 6 of 'Guide to the Highways of the Lake district of England. With maps and ... illustrations. Edited by J. G'

from Flickr (flickr)

Poltross Burn Milecastle, Hadrian's Wall
- Overview About Milecastle 48 Map Street View Poltross Burn, located near Gilsland, is one of the best-preserved milecastles on Hadrian's Wall. It is larger than most other milecastles, housing two ...

Gilsland
- Overview About Gilsland Map Street View Gilsland is a village which straddles the border between the counties of Cumbria and Northumberland. Gilsland is a village in northern England about 20 miles ...

Coast to Coast Cycle Route
- "The Sea to Sea (C2C) cycle route was developed by Sustrans in partnership with various Local Authorities, Groundwork West Cumbria, North Pennines Tourism Partnership, Forest Enterprise and the Lake District ...

Our Memories of Evacuation from Newcastle to Cumbria
- Our names are Pat and Terry and we've been married for fifty years. We both have memories of evacuation during WW2 and we'd like to recount some of them here. ...

Hadrian's Wall
- Overview About Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall stretches over 73 miles (117 km) coast to coast across Northern England. Construction began in AD 122 during the rule of emperor Hadrian. The ...

Poltross Burn Milecastle, Hadrian's Wall
- Overview About Milecastle 48 Map Street View Poltross Burn, located near Gilsland, is one of the best-preserved milecastles on Hadrian's Wall. It is larger than most other milecastles, housing two ...

Gilsland
- Overview About Gilsland Map Street View Gilsland is a village which straddles the border between the counties of Cumbria and Northumberland. Gilsland is a village in northern England about 20 miles ...

Coast to Coast Cycle Route
- "The Sea to Sea (C2C) cycle route was developed by Sustrans in partnership with various Local Authorities, Groundwork West Cumbria, North Pennines Tourism Partnership, Forest Enterprise and the Lake District ...

Our Memories of Evacuation from Newcastle to Cumbria
- Our names are Pat and Terry and we've been married for fifty years. We both have memories of evacuation during WW2 and we'd like to recount some of them here. ...

Hadrian's Wall
- Overview About Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall stretches over 73 miles (117 km) coast to coast across Northern England. Construction began in AD 122 during the rule of emperor Hadrian. The ...