Castle Sowerby Civil Parish

How Hill, Millhouse, Newlands, Sour Nook, Southernby and Sowerby Row

344  (2011 Census)

337  (2001 Census)

Historical

Castle Sowerby (St. Kentigern)

Which included the townships of:

• Raughton Head (Chapelry)
• Bustabeck
• How
• Row
• Southernby
• Stockdalewath

Ancient parishes refer to the parishes before the split between ecclesiastical (church) and civil parishes in the 19th century. They had a parish church and often were composed of multiple townships and chapelries. In many cases, townships and parishes were originally based on the territory of manors from the feudal system during medieval times. Civil parishes were created following the Poor Law Amendment Act 1866, in which Church of England parishes, extra-parochial areas, townships and chapelries, became "civil parishes" which could set their own poor rate (tax). Then the reforms of Local Government Act 1894 established elected civil parish councils (or parish meetings for parishes with less than 300 residents) and created urban and rural districts. Boundaries of parishes and civil parishes may have changed over time.

Leath (ward)

Penrith Poor Law Union, formed in 1836.

Penrith Union Workhouse was located by Greystoke Road, opening in 1838. This replaced smaller existing workhouses in Penrith (Middlegate), Ainstable and Heskett.

Under the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 parishes were grouped into Unions, each of which had to build a workhouse if they did not already have one. It ended the old system of locally provided poor relief which had come under strain as numbers out of work grew, following increasing mechanisation of agriculture and the economic downturn after the Napoleonic Wars, along with changing social attitudes. The workhouse provided those unable to support themselves financially with accommodation and work. Inmates were generally segregated into men, women, boys and girls. 

The workhouse system was abolished by the Local Government Act 1929, but many workhouses lived on as ‘Public Assistance Institutions’ until the National Assistance Act 1948.

Cumberland, until 1974, then:

Cumbria, which was created on the 1st of April 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972. The new county absorbed Cumberland and Westmorland, and added some parts of Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire.

District Council:

Penrith Rural District (1894 - 1974)

Eden District (1974 - )  Created by the Local Government Act 1972. Eden District was formed from an amalgamation of Penrith Urban District, Alston with Garrigill Rural District and Penrith Rural District (Cumberland), and Appleby Municipal Borough, part of Lakes Urban District and North Westmorland Rural District (Westmorland).