Hethersgill Civil Parish

Hethersgill (village), Boltonfellend, Ullermire, Howford Bridge, Nether Onset, Uppertown, and numerous dispersed farms and houses.

350  (2021 Census)

371  (2011 Census)

382  (2001 Census)

Historical

Ancient Townships

Hethersgill Township

Townships became civil parishes in their own right in 1866 (see below).

Kirklinton  (St Cuthbert)

Ancient parishes refer to the parishes before the split between ecclesiastical (church) and civil parishes in the 19th century. They had a parish church and often were composed of multiple townships and chapelries. In many cases, townships and parishes were originally based on the territory of manors from the feudal system during medieval times. Civil parishes were created following the Poor Law Amendment Act 1866, in which Church of England parishes, extra-parochial areas, townships and chapelries, became "civil parishes" which could set their own poor rate (tax). Then the reforms of Local Government Act 1894 established elected civil parish councils (or parish meetings for parishes with less than 300 residents) and created urban and rural districts. Boundaries of parishes and civil parishes may have changed over time.

Eskdale (ward)

Longtown Poor Law Union, formed in 1837.

Longtown Union Workhouse was located in Arthuret. The union took over the existing workhouse in Arthuret which had been built in 1821. It was extended to house 130 inmates.

Under the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 parishes were grouped into Unions, each of which had to build a workhouse if they did not already have one. It ended the old system of locally provided poor relief which had come under strain as numbers out of work grew, following increasing mechanisation of agriculture and the economic downturn after the Napoleonic Wars, along with changing social attitudes. The workhouse provided those unable to support themselves financially with accommodation and work. Inmates were generally segregated into men, women, boys and girls. 

The workhouse system was abolished by the Local Government Act 1929, but many workhouses lived on as ‘Public Assistance Institutions’ until the National Assistance Act 1948.

Cumberland, until 1974, then:

Cumbria, which was created on the 1st of April 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972. The new county absorbed Cumberland and Westmorland, and added some parts of Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire.

Cumbria County Council was abolished in 2023 and replaced by 2 new Unitary authorities. Cumbria remains a ceremonial county; retaining ceremonial boundary and the roles and responsibilities of the Lord Lieutenant and High Sheriff of Cumbria - based on 'The Cumbria (Structural Changes) Order 2022'.

District Council:

Longtown Rural District (1894 - 1934)

Border Rural District (1934 - 1974). Created in 1934, this combined the old rural districts of Longtown, Brampton, Carlisle, and a part of Penrith Rural District. 

City of Carlisle (1974 - 2023)  Created by the Local Government Act 1972. 

The City of Carlisle and the 5 other district councils of Cumbria, along with the county council, were abolished as part of local government reorganisation in 2023; and replaced by two unitary authorities on 1st April 2023.

Unitary Authority:

Cumberland Council was created on the 1st April 2023.