Mine-surveying Compass, 1515 to 1518
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Identifier: transactions53nort Title: https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookidtransactions53nort">Transactions Year: https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookyear1852">1852 (https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookdecade1850">1850s) Authors: https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookauthorNorth_of_England_Institute_of_Mining_and_Mechanical_Engineers__Newcastle_upon_Tyne">North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers, Newcastle-upon-Tyne https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookauthorNorth_of_England_Institute_of_Mining_and_Mechanical_Engineers__Newcastle_upon_Tyne__Report_of_the_Committee_upon_mechanical_coalcutting__1905">North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Report of the Committee upon mechanical coalcutting, 1905 Subjects: https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/booksubjectMineral_industries">Mineral industries https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/booksubjectMechanical_engineering">Mechanical engineering Publisher: https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookpublisherNewcastle_upon_Tyne">Newcastle-upon-Tyne Contributing Library: https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookcontributorGerstein___University_of_Toronto">Gerstein - University of Toronto Digitizing Sponsor: https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/booksponsorUniversity_of_Toronto">University of Toronto View Book Page: https://archive.org/stream/transactions53nort/transactions53nort#page/n191/mode/1up" rel="noreferrer nofollow">Book Viewer About This Book: https://archive.org/details/transactions53nort" rel="noreferrer nofollow">Catalog Entry View All Images: https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookidtransactions53nort">All Images From Book Click here to https://archive.org/stream/transactions53nort/transactions53nort#page/n191/mode/1up" rel="noreferrer nofollow">view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: or from mid-night to mid-day, is also divided from 1 to12 hours. It would seem that Fig. 3 is an improved variationof Fig. 2 ; it has a double set of circles and, also, a. double setof figures on the same plan as Fig. 2. A magnetic needle was * Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, 1901, vol.xxxi., pages 25 and 716. 164 DISCUSSION MIXE-SURVEYIXG INSTRUMENTS. also mounted at the centre of the instrument. Without doubt,when in use, the needle must have been pointed to 12 hours as-a zero-point, and then the direction of any underground roadmust have been indicated by stretching a string or cord over theinstrument and along the road or excavation, the division thencut upon the instrument by the cord being noted. Any bearingor intermediate direction between the hours must have beenestimated. The surveying-instruments represented by Figs. 2and 3 are older than any of the instruments described by Mr.Scott, in his American and British papers upon the subject. IbnXXlittaQ Text Appearing After Image: s 3 iUttiucrn44?t Fig. 3. — Mine-surveying Compass, 1515 to 1518. The paucity of books on mining and mine-surveying inEngland prior to the time when Houghton wrote in 1681, or inthe olden times, is a very remarkable circumstance ; but con-sidering that book-learning and the art of writing books werechiefly confined to the higher dignitaries of the Church, and inLatin, it is not so surprising that those of that period, occupiedin mining and mine-surveying, were so little adapted to conveytheir ideas and practice in writing. Neither was the Germanlanguage common in England from the time of Houghton tothat of Fen wick and Budge. It is not, therefore, probable thatGerman scientific literature had any influence upon Englishmining men in the sense of providing means of instructing them DISCTTSSIOX MIXK-Sl RVEYIXG INSTTU M IN IS. 16f> in mathematics and the art of land and mine-surveying. Settingaside, for the sake of argument, lleinholds early work, and thechapter on mine-s Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work. -
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Link: https://www.flickr.com/photos/126377022@N07/14763551774/
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Added by: Simon Cotterill
Last modified: 3 years, 11 months ago
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Picture Taken: 1852-01-01T00:00:00 -
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